WEBVTT

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THE COCA TRAP

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After 50 years of a bloody civil war,
a peace treaty was signed between Colombia's government
and the main guerilla army in the country, the FARC.
Under this agreement, peasant farmers were expected
to start growing legal crops on their plantations instead of coca.

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[ Gelver Solarte ] To make life a bit easier
for my family, for my wife and kids,

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to give them a more or less decent life, the only option...

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is growing coca and marijuana.

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[ Jose Orozco ] On one hectare I can grow up to 10,000
coca bushes because they grow close together.

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Peasants and all Colombians
are obliged to destroy illegal plantations

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Growing coca is illegal in Colombia

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[ Jose Orozco ] They waged a military
campaign against peasants,

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they send in troops with rifles and batons

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to uproot the coca that we plant

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[ Leyder Valencia ] As for us, we make
the very least out of coca trading

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It's not us who get rich from selling drugs, others do

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but the harassment policy only targets us,

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poor peasants who grow coca to survive

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THE COCA TRAP

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[ Jose Orozco, President, Peasant Workers Association, Cajibio ]
We're going to meet our guys,

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another group that I represent,

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a group of coca farm workers

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[ Jose Orozco ] We have one more delegation;
our comrades from the municipality

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[ man ] of Paez!
[ Jose Orozco ] Representatives of Paez

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A good group

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[ Jose Orozco ] We're regaining our strength, getting some rest

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We prepare our food here at our makeshift camp kitchen

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We collected some nice firewood

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That's to keep on living

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and fighting

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[ Jose Orozco ] Here we have an important delegation

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Do they also cultivate marijuana and...

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[ Jose Orozco ] and coca as well??
[ woman ] Yes, sir.

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A little bit of coca too

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We all do the same thing, agriculture.

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[ Jose Orozco ] Our comrades are in a good mood
because they cooked some meat today

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[ woman ] We're all here together in this camp

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We want the agreements to work

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The government doesn't honour its commitments,

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that's why we're here

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We don't feel good here,

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but we will fight for our rights

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until we get them

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[ Jose Orozco ] By our count, at the moment,
there are about 1,000 peasants here

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including our comrades here,

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there are more people on the other side.
They decided to camp away from everyone

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because they're a bit nervous,

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they're scared that ESMAD, the Anti-Disturbance Squad,

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will come storming in while we're
working and burn our food and all our things

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People are determined,
and they're ready to continue the struggle

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to always...

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always keep going towards our goal,

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one goal shared by all peasants

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That is recognition of peasants in Colombia,
that's what we fight for

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[ geo title ] LEYDER VALENCIA‚
COCA PLANTATION

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[ Leyder Valencia ] I was born in 1981,

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I'm 37 years old

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I grew up in a coca growing area

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My family...

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they grew coca leaves

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The money we made from selling coca leaves

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paid for the basics that my family and I needed,

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things like healthcare

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We'd pick the coca on my father's farm then go to work on a neighbour's

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[ Leyder Valencia, farmer ] It was like a cycle, a constant...

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...circle

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We went farm to farm picking coca

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that's how all the families lived

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[ Leyder Valencia ] When I had no money to provide for my family,

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I went to a guy who bought coca

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I'd tell him that I'd have a harvest after 15 days
and asked him to lend me some cash

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He'd give me the money
and I bought food or whatever I needed

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Once I had the harvest, I’d pay him back in coca

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[ son ] Papi! Is your uniform ready?

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[ Leyder Valencia ] He doesn't have socks

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You should go and put the old one on, my girl, but wash first

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[ Leyder Valencia ] Well, about my family,

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I have a wife,

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we have three children

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[ Briceida Lemos, Leyder's wife ] One is sixteen,

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one is...

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ten, and my girl is six

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[ Leyder Valencia ] The eldest wants to be a singer

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and dancer

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and the second wants to be
a footballer, he loves football

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and my youngest daughter
wants to be a doctor, so she says

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Those are their dreams

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[ Briceida Lemos, Leyder's wife ] They study, the boys
are at middle and high school

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and the young girl goes to primary school

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[ Briceida ] Honey, do you want some coffee?
[ daughter ] No

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I just want them to study,

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to go to university.
To us, that's almost impossible, and here

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it is just impossible

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They shouldn't be ashamed of us,
I want them to acquire a profession,

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one that will help them become someone,

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and not mere slaves

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[ Jose Orozco ] So, everyday life...

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JOSE OROZCO‚
COCA PLANTATION

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[ Jose Orozco ] for a coca cultivating farmer...¶

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The working day starts very early

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Waking up at about 5:30 or 6:00 in the morning is normal

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People generally work the whole day, until about 5 pm

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Usually, by the end of the day,
a good farmer can pick up to 150 kg

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The plants you see here are average quality

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The leaves are good, but the
bushes are too high, too big

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There are smaller plants, so it's easier to pick the leaves

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The guys who have those bushes...

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They're lucky

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[ Jose Orozco ] Relations within the coca market aren't strong,

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well, the farmer who grows it and the drug trafficker are miles apart

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[ Jose Orozco, president, Peasant Workers Association,
Cajibio ] I'm certainly no drug dealer

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I don't work for any cartels

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because I cultivate coca to survive,

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I don't get rich

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You'll never see a drug trafficker living in the conditions

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that we live in here,

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you'll never see that!

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You'll never see a drug trafficker,

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as we say, walking the roads here and wearing our boots

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For me it's incomparable

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[ farmer ] And five

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[ man ] 25, that's good!

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[ farmer ] 32

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[ peasant ] This is the only lab on our farm,
but other farms have labs just like this

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Maybe not right on the farm, but quite nearby

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so that they don't have to ship it too far,
and can process it on the spot

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so it doesn't have to be carried a long way by donkey

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[ VO ] And who buys it?

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[ peasant ] It's bought by people from the mafia, they take it...

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to big labs

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where they make drug packs
from the paste to ship to other countries,

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with more chemicals and much stronger

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Only the base is made here,

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they purify it even more

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and the price goes up

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[ peasant ] No one wants to do this

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but circumstances force us to

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Because if prices were higher

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for sugar cane or molasses,

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I wouldn't work with coca

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because it's much too chemical,

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it's very harmful to people

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[ peasant ] Yes, I have three children

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and we have to send them to study in Popayan,
some are studying there

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But if I didn't do this, I couldn't
afford the cost of their education

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They go to a private university,

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one's a dentist, one's an electronics engineer. It's expensive!

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We do this because we have to,

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not because we want to

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[ Emilio Archila ] We have to be clear with the words we use

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Growing coca is illegal

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It's forbidden

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The programme we're talking about covers 100,000 families

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all across Colombia, from the Venezuelan
border to the border with Ecuador

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We must uproot all the crops

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and we need the families to have alternative ways to make a living,

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not related to growing coca

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[ Emilio Archila ] The second component is
to give a legal alternative to those families

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a substitute programme or substitute product
so that they don't go back to growing coca

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And finally, we need the state to go to these remote areas in Colombia

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with offers and suitable services

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in health and education, roads, electricity, and so on

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[ Leyder Valencia ] I was getting threatened over the telephone

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Stop working on the peace process!

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Stop working on crop substitution!

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We had to leave our farm where we had lived for 17 years,

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we had to leave everything

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to save our lives

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[ Leyder Valencia ] It was dark

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Then we saw three people dressed in black,

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with rubber boots on, and they were armed

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My wife went to the window

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and came face to face with one who was just in front of her

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My wife asked, 'What are you doing?'

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'What are you doing?'
He just stood there, leaning on the wall

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He leant like this on the wall

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[ Leyder Valencia ] She said, 'Don't go out, don't go out!
It's dangerous, what might they do!'

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I shut the door and locked the kids in

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At around midnight...

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the troops came, because we'd told them we were in danger

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But it was already 12:00 at night

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it had been almost 4 hours

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If they'd done anything to us, it would've
been over by the time the troops arrived

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[ Leyder Valencia ] The peace process is underway,

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but we, public leaders are still getting killed

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Just like during the conflict, in the war

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All around the country, both men and women,
almost 400 public leaders have been killed

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[ Leyder Valencia, farmer ] Because we worked on
the peace process and crop substitution

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It's the killers of public leaders

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who get rich from drug trafficking, specially from cultivation

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How do they see us?

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As a problem!

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Getting rid of the problem means killing us,
threatening us and chasing us off our land

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[ Jose Orozco ] Before, we wanted to do everything peacefully,

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that was the idea at first, but we saw no commitment

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The government, led by the President,

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and excuse me for being blunt, treated us as idiots

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They must honour their promises, come to Cauca

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and look the farmers and indigenous people in the face‚

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To look well, and generally learn about what's going on here

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[ Jose Orozco ] We need everyone now

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We can't give up because someone can't
throw stones or deems himself useless, no!

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We need each and every one of you, we must be coordinated

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Among us, are people who like to be at the forefront, right?

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They like the adrenaline and standing against the teargas

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One way or another, we all
make a difference, we fight for us all!

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[ Leyder Valencia ] These are coffee plants
[ Gelver Solarte ] Yes, coffee plants

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Up here, there and there, we had coca

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We uprooted the coca, we uprooted it all

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Now the government is offering financial assistance

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to people who grow substitute crops

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[ Gelver Solarte ] I did it back in 2014, of my own free will,

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with no state assistance, I uprooted the coca

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As for coca fields, these are the last, there are no more

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They're there and here, these are the last of them

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The rest of the farm is planted with coffee and bananas

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On this farm, we used to have four hectares of coca

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and now it's less than one

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[ Gelver Solarte ] All five years, starting from 2014, until today,

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[ Gelver Solarte, farmer ] I've run the farm, and it's hard
because raw materials are expensive,

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and the crops sell at low prices

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I cultivate coffee, fruit...

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and coca

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And the money from a little coca helps grow the cheaper crops

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[ Leyder Valencia ] It takes 3 months to grow marijuana,
3 months for coca, coffee takes 9 months

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[ Gelver Solarte ] Bananas take 16 months

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Growing a large hand of bananas can take up to 18 months

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You know, I don't plant coca because I want to!

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Because circumstances force me to grow it,

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but I don't want to

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[ Leyder Valencia ] You need to wrap it here

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Do it with guava, the machine won't cut it

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[ Gelver Solarte ] Good one, right?
[ Leyder Valencia ] Yes

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[ Leyder Valencia ] Look how it grew

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Beautiful, isn't it?

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[ Leyder Valencia ] This family grows coca now

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but as the government rolls out the substitution programme,

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these crops will vanish completely

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These plants will go completely

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All we demand of the government
is that it honours the agreement

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and then we'll destroy all the remaining coca

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[ Emilio Archila ] For each component of the
programme to reach the families in time,

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they needed to have signed the agreements long ago

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That didn't happen

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So, now, they'll get aid and seeds and so on,
and everything else they're entitled to later

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[ Emilio Archila ] And that has led to disagreements

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the situation has deteriorated over time

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because many enemies of the system,

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principally the drug traffickers,

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attack the programme by saying it doesn't work

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Their objective is to encourage
the families back into growing coca

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[ Jose Orozco, president, Peasant Workers Association, Cajibio ]
The substitution plan is a good idea in theory,

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but it hasn't been put into effect well,

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in practice, nothing happens

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The authorities have waged a military campaign against us

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Why do I say that?

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Because they send in troops with rifles and batons

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to uproot the coca that we plant

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They don't give us an alternative
so that we can give up coca as the law requires

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That's what we want from our government

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Why? Because we're tired of fighting the troops on our farms

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[ Jose Orozco ] Here, in this camp, they fight us too,

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both the army and the police

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They're just waiting for us to make some kind of mistake

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so that they can catch or kill someone

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as they have on previous operations

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Now we plan to keep fighting and looking for ways

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to make progress through dialogue

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[ VO ] Are you scared?
[ Jose Orozco ] Sometimes, yes, but sometimes I think...

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I think and, you know, I have a son,

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and he's just 8 years old

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When they threaten me, I think...

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'My kid may be left alone, with no home'
and when I think that I choose to go on

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If we achieve our goals in this struggle...

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it'll be for him, one day he'll grow up

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It will be our kids who benefit from this struggle, not us

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[ Leyder Valencia ] Whatever happens,
we're determined to replace coca planting

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[ Leyder Valencia, farmer ] If the government lets us down
we'll find a way to support our families,

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but we won't grow coca anymore

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Because no good has come of it,
many families have lost children to drugs

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I dream of my children's future,

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of them becoming professionals, 
good people working on Colombian land

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As what's important to peasants are the land...

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and the field

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Because a country without peasants…

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without production

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without food...

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gives way to war

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If there's no food...

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there can be no peace

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which is what Colombians dream of, a stable, lasting peace

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A world where we, poor men, don't kill each other

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That's my dream for my children