[Ninko Durić] God, make the ground tremble
beneath their feet and strike fear into their hearts!
[Ninko] Make them hate one another
[Ninko] Turn their...
women and their men into our slaves!
[Elena Guskova] In 1991, the disintegration of a vast country began
[Elena] A strong country with the 4th biggest army in Europe
[Viktor Bezruchenko] The US organised a secret programme
to supply BiH with weapons,
it came to be known as 'Black Flights'
[Viktor] The flights to Tuzla and Visoko carried Mujahideen
[Zoran Djurić] They began to commit crimes. They came at night,
dragged people from their homes to kill them
[Zoran] The number of Mujahideen grew daily
[Zoran] They came from all over the world
[Dušan Pavlović] In the media, there were overt calls
to lynch Serbian people, Serbian citizens
[Dušan] Serbs were sacked en masse: university professors and PhDs
[Dušan] Dismissals, robberies, kidnappings, murder, torture, mutilation,
imprisonment and concentration camps in Sarajevo
[Vinko Lale] The international community is partly to blame
and those who set the political course for Muslims in Sarajevo
[Vinko] I'm talking about the British, American, and German embassies
[Vinko] I think they played a key role both in instigating the war
in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the break-up of Yugoslavia
[Voice] Allahu Akbar!
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: RISE OF THE CALIPHATE
[VO] Historically, radical Islamic ideology spread through Bosnia and Herzegovina
in four waves of radicalization that helped build the present-day terrorist infrastructure in the region.
[Dr. Goran Latinović] Bosnia was first mentioned in the mid-10th century
as a region of Serbia,
by the Byzantine king, Constantine Porphyrogenitus
in his writings,
'On the Serbs and the land in which they now live'
[Dr. Latinović] So, Bosnia was a part of Serbia
[Dr. Latinović] Later it became an independent banate, a kingdom,
but never lost its Serbian character
[Dr. Latinović] When the Ottoman Empire conquered the Balkan Peninsula,
some, not just Serbs but other Balkan people,
simply converted to Islam
[Salih Selimović] At first, that new religion in the Balkans
was adopted...
mainly by Orthodox authorities, you'd call them 'boyars'
[Salih] That was so that other classes would slowly become
Islamised as well
[Salih] Islam was not, in fact, enforced,
but there were occasional times when it was
[Salih] Islam forbids forced conversion
[Salih] So it spread by different methods
via new religious sites and propaganda, etc
[Dr. Latinović] The new Austrian authorities insisted on creating,
based on this Muslim population,
a new Bosnian nation
[Darko Tanasković] In terms of religion, for the Muslims of BiH,
the most important moment after WWI
was Ataturk's secular revolution in Türkiye
[Darko] Ataturk succeeded in getting Türkiye back on its feet,
but this time as a secular, modern, and nationalist state
that rejected Ottoman heritage, to the point
that they even changed the alphabet and forced Islam out
of public and social life
[Darko] The Muslims of BiH were oriented towards Türkiye,
which is understandable
[Darko] Their existence began with the arrival of the Ottoman Empire
as conqueror of the Balkans and Bosnia and Herzegovina
[Darko] And now they were in a very difficult situation
and turned the other way, towards Egypt and the Arab world
[Darko] Muslims were then seen as the centre of spiritual life
and their education in spiritual matters,
Cairo and its famous and prestigious Al-Azhar University
[Neđo Vlaški] Several students from BiH went to study in Egypt
at that renowned university
[Neđo] There they made contact with people from 'The Muslim Brotherhood'
[VO] The Muslim Brotherhood is an international religious and political organisation
with an Islamic fundamentalist agenda founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna. It's
now banned in many countries including Russia. The Muslim brotherhoods ideological
platform underpins the actions of all international islamist terrorist organisations.
[Neđo] Because of the crackdown on 'The Muslim Brotherhood' members,
many ended up in prison,
and students from BiH who attended the university at the time
became those who adopted
the message preached by 'The Muslim Brotherhood'
[Neđo] These groups included prominent intellectuals
[Neđo] Later, people like Hussein Djozo and others
became members of 'The Young Muslims' in BiH
[VO] Hussein F. Jozo was born in the village of Bari near Gorazde
and Bosnia in Herzegovina and studied at Al-Azay University in Cairo.
[VO] In June 1943, he volunteered for the Hanchar SS division and became Imam to the 28th Regiment with the
rank of captain. He was responsible for numerous crimes in Eastern and Northern Bosnia as well as in Srem.
[Raphael] In 1928, when the Muslim brothers were created
in Egypt and their theory began expanding around the world,
he again, the founder that is of Islam, Khasal Banna, again
legalized and claimed that in this world of imperialism,
where Islam is conquered by the West and exploited, it is again
justified to fight in order to read
itself from the Western Dominion.
[Raphael] And how do you read yourself to violent
Islam became again a very widespread and we see
[Raphael] Today we recognize, all the world recognizes
that violent Islam is required by all the movement
of radical Islam
all over the world.
[Raphael] The main source of which is the Muslim brothers and its various branches all over the world.
[Darko] 'The Young Muslims' organisation was founded
in about 1939
and from about 1941, they sought official status
amongst the Muslim population, particularly the younger generation
[Darko] They liaised with 'El-Hidaje' and had its patronage
[Darko] Fostering a certain type of Muslim intellectual and later,
a politically aligned fighter for Islamic values in Bosnia and Herzegovina
was facilitated by 'The Young Muslims' and their external activity and,
of course, 'El-Hidaje' and the influential media that was available
to Islamic community Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
who had, for several generations, been educated in Cairo,
not just in Islamic disciplines,
absorbing what they learned in lectures at Al-Azhar,
but also immersed themselves in the daily life of Muslim society in Egypt
[Darko] But later, they began to introduce more radical elements outside Egypt,
promoting Islam as a practical policy for everyday life
[Darko] They insisted society should adapt more keenly to Islamic principles,
which were seen as the only way to bring prosperity
FIRST WAVE OF RADICALISATION TOOK PLACE BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS. THE CONSEPTS OF PAN-ISLAMISM,
VIOLENT JIHAD, AND THE NEED TO BUILD AN ISLAMIC STATE PENETRATED BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
[Dušan] We know that Al-Banna, 'The Muslim Brotherhood's' founder,
made contact with the Nazis in the 1930s
[Dušan] They worked closely together
[Dušan] He effectively introduced the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem,
Al-Husseini, to the Nazis, the Nazi leadership
[Dušan] In 1940, Al-Banna sent 700 'The Muslim Brotherhood' members
to be trained by the Nazis in Germany
[Nikola Ožegović] 1941 was, for Muslims, a historic turning point
[Nikola] Some embraced the ideology of a Croatian state,
which was deeply connected with Nazi Germany's ideology,
that is, with the ideology of the Third Reich
[Dušan] 'The Muslim Brotherhood' of BiH also proposed
establishing a military outfit of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims
to fight the war for Hitler and Nazi Germany
[Dušan] For that, they used the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
[Dušan] He came to the Independent State of Croatia in 1942,
and in 1943, they formed the...
13th Division of the SS Handschar
[Dušan] And then, one more division, SS Kama
was to be sent to Palestine in 1944 to solve the Jewish question there
[Dr. Latinović] In WW2, the Serbian people underwent a 'Calvary',
especially in Independent Croatia
[Dr. Latinović] Among the four murdered bishops was
Banja Luka's Bishop, St Platon of Banja Luka
[Dr. Latinović] Sadly, among those who ousted and killed priests,
there were radical Islamists too
[Dr. Latinović] But I must stress again, some Muslims joined
the Yugoslavia People's Liberation Army and the Serbian liberators
and fought side by side with Serbs against those
launching genocide against the Serbs
[VO] Some 750,000 Serbs were killed. More than 250,000 were expelled,
and another 240,000 Serbs were forcibly converted to the Catholic faith.
[Dušan] And even though the 'Handschar'...
Muslim Division ceased to exist
after World War II, and most of its members ended up
in Western Europe and the Middle East,
the new communist regime, after 1946 and through 1949,
cracked down on 'The Muslim Brotherhood' members
and some leaders were even executed
[Dušan] But 'The Muslim Brotherhood' organisation went deep underground
and kept going, even under the Communist regime
[Neđo] Links between 'The Muslim Brotherhood'
and the Nazis and Ustashas,
were the basis of contact between members of 'The Young Muslims'
and Western intelligence services, primarily British and American,
in their respective areas of influence established after WW2
[Dr. Latinović] The 1960s and 1970s were very important for Yugoslavia
in terms of a religious, cultural, and political revival of Muslims
in Yugoslavia and BiH
[Dr. Latinović] There's ample evidence: many mosques were built
[Dr. Latinović] The mid-70s, in socialist Yugoslavia, saw some 500 new mosques
[Dr. Latinović] In 1977, the Faculty of Islamic Studies was established in Sarajevo
[Dr. Latinović] The most ardent Muslim radical was Alija Izetbegovic
[Dr. Latinović] In 1970... he wrote the Islamic Declaration,
which said the time of peace on earth was over,
and unrest and temptation were coming
[Dr. Latinović] He praised only those Arab countries
that have not embraced secularisation,
or the European way of life
but have kept distinct Islamic and religious orientation,
such as Pakistan, he mentions Pakistan as a role model
and criticises Kemal Ataturk's reforms in Türkiye,
as well as the Syrian state,
and the social order there
[Dr. Latinović] And it was very clear where he stood
[Dr. Latinović] He wouldn't abandon his stance until war began
[Neđo] He declared that Muslims' struggle is not about living in one state
[Neđo] He added that Muslims should live in every country
so there'd be as many as there are now, eventually, their numbers grow
[Neđo] So slowly, they become a dominant force with future global clout
[Dušan] This experience of so-called 'militant' Islam
was of great help
to 'The Muslim Brotherhood' entities in BiH
[Dušan] Thanks to international ties established with
regional and global 'Brotherhood' affiliates and radical ideology
during and after WW2,
through Tito's political approach and the Non-Aligned Movement
[Dušan] By the 1990s, 'The Muslim Brotherhood' in BiH was ready,
to build an Islamic state in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
following the break-up of Yugoslavia,
during the wars of Yugoslav succession
[Elena] In 1991, the disintegration of a vast country began,
a strong country with the 4th biggest army in Europe
[Elena] It was all planned in advance, I can't say the situation was influenced
only by internal forces
[Elena] External factors that wanted the country to break up
played a huge role
[Darko] A crucial external push for the break-up of Yugoslavia
came as the Berlin Wall fell, the fall of communism,
and the victory of that Western
liberal-capitalist view of world order
[Darko] The ideological battle was thought to be over once and for all
[Darko] But it was soon clear that the ideological battle wasn't
just not over, but others were escalating
[Darko] Clearly, Yugoslavia was no longer viable
[Darko] At that point, in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
there wasn't just...
a political, but also a value-based and ideological vacuum
[Darko] And after communism fell,
and the ideological Yugoslavism crisis,
as many people, especially in BiH, self-identified as Yugoslav
in nationality terms,
a void developed that had to be filled as far as identity was concerned
[Darko] In BiH the only thing that significantly separated Bosniak Muslims
from Serbs and Croats was Islam,
the Muslim religion and all it represented - Islamic culture or,
to be more precise, Muslim culture
and, at that moment, the Muslim people clung on to it
as a kind of path to salvation
[Vinko Lale] The Slovenia-Croatia war set a climate,
in which the flames of war spread onto BiH soil
[Vinko] In that political state, the only question was, when would it spark?
[Vinko] Then, the referendum in BiH took place
on the advice of 'world powers'
[Vinko] The referendum was organised by the SDA, the nationalist Muslim party
[Vinko] Croats supported it
[Vinko] Serbs boycotted it
[Vinko] So then, Muslims and Croats held it without Serbs,
and adopted a resolution on secession from Yugoslavia
and BiH declaring independence
[Vinko] Back then, Serbs were not represented in Parliament,
they set up a boycott
[Vinko] In that case, and according to the constitution,
it couldn't claim independence but, as power doesn't pray,
helped by certain foreign embassies and international bodies,
the referendum results were recognised, without...
the Serbian people. That was...
the main reason
that war started in BiH
[Vinko] And after that, near an old church in Sarajevo,
there was a massacre
of Serbs attending a wedding
[Vinko] They had gone to a young couple's wedding,
and an infamous criminal...
Ramiz 'Celo' Delalic
murdered a relative of the bride,
the elderly Mr Gardovic
[Vinko] That was the match that lit the powder keg in BiH
[Zoran Djurić] In spring of 1992,
in the vicinity of Bosanski Brod,
the first clashes took place
[Zoran] That's where Croats and Serbs split
[Zoran] I mean, the conflict moved from
Croatia to Bosnia and Herzegovina
[Zoran] It was about 30 kilometres from where I lived
[Zoran] Shots were already being heard,
because they were at quite a close distance
[Zoran] Crimes began to occur, people came at night,
dragged folk from their homes to kill them
[Zoran] Mujahideen numbers grew by the day, from all over the world
[Neđo] The settlement of Mehurici, in Travnik played a key role
because that was where the conference was held
[Neđo] They adopted a decision on rules of engagement
and determined the enemy
[Neđo] The decision was: the enemies included
the Serb Democratic Party, Serbs, Yugoslav People's Army,
and parts of the Croatian Democratic Party
[Neđo] After the conference and declaration adoption,
more active military and paramilitary covert preparations began
[Man] Paramilitary forces 'The Patriotic League' and 'The Green Berets'
acquired a new status as a new military force for the Muslims,
which was supposed to achieve the political and ideological goals
of 'The Young Muslims', then operating as part of the SDA
[Dušan] Mass media broadcast overt calls to lynch Serbs,
citizens of Serbian ethnicity in the Muslim part of Sarajevo
[Dušan] Mass layoffs of Serbs began: university professors, PhDs,
the Serbian elite in Sarajevo
[Dušan] Layoffs, robberies,
kidnappings, torture, torment,
prisons and camp incarcerations within the city of Sarajevo,
mass rape... of Serb women and girls
[Ninko Durić] Yet another...
phenomenon of that war was the religious element
[Ninko] At the front,
many Muslims carried the so-called 'Notes from Khawaja'
[Ninko] Back then, I wrote an article
'And the note will not help them anymore'
[Ninko] It's about the notes that pose a serious threat
[Ninko] For example, one of these notes, which I possess,
and which had such a strong influence on Muslim soldiers,
it says: 'God!
make the ground tremble beneath their feet and
strike fear into their hearts! Let them hate each other,
let their women become our bondmaids,
and their men, our slaves!'
[Dušan] Of course, it's convenient
to cast in narratives through mass media and use propaganda
to provoke public sympathy around the world,
specially in the West
or Islamic countries, to receive humanitarian aid from them
[Dušan] That's why 'The Muslim Brotherhood' branch, meaning the SDA,
took two different approaches during the war to foreign policy
[Dušan] One for the Transatlantic Western world, another for the Islamic one
[Dušan] To the Islamic world, the message was,
they were defenders of Islam in Europe,
that they fought a true jihad
[Dušan] And to the West, they presented it all as a fight for Western values,
and Serbs as barbarians and an uncivilised hoard
that was trying to destroy this developing centre in Europe
[Milorad Kojić] They pursued a policy
of killing Serbs and leaving them on display for other Serbs to see,
just as it was in Sarajevo
[Milorad] In Sarajevo, they started by wiping out the intellectual elite
[Nikola] That was part of the general Bosniak policy
[Nikola] It was based on intimidating the Serbian people
through murder and imprisonment in camps
[Nikola] Unfortunately, by the 1990's, the radical Islamist role began to show,
by whose hands it was all committed,
tools of their policy to create that climate;
and to indoctrinate the Bosnian public
and the people who committed those crimes,
for which the radicals trained them
[Neđo] The Muslim authorities set up a logistics base,
through which weapons were delivered from both Islamic
and various other Eastern bloc countries
[Neđo] Weapons were sent in many ways, mainly contraband
[Neđo] The lead logistician was...
Halid Cengic, who was Hasan Cengic's father
[Neđo] He was also one of the main people
among the highest ranks of Muslim military and political leadership
[Neđo] It operated in the framework of the Shura Council,
which made key decisions on
political, economic, and military aspects,
as well as security issues for
paramilitary, para-police and para-reconnaissance bodies
on the Muslim side
[VO] Hasan Cengic is a former member of the young Muslims organization, who, along
with Aliyah Izetbekovich, went to prison for six years. He'd been a key figure
during the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, responsible for the distribution
of weapons, equipment and militant fighters from various Islamic countries.
[Viktor] The USA developed and launched a secret programme
to supply BiH with weapons, later known as 'Black Flights'
[Viktor] Under that programme,
the CIA chartered C-130 planes from private airlines
to smuggle weapons
and gear into Visoko and Tuzla airports at night
[Viktor] The deliveries included firearms, anti-tank missiles, MRL systems,
and communication hardware
[Viktor] Those flights also took Mujahideen to Tuzla and Visoko
[Viktor] When the UN asked NATO to identify the mysterious airplanes,
NATO, which patrolled the skies of Bosnia 24/7...
with reconnaissance planes and AWACS,
stated that the aircraft were civil aviation flights
[Viktor] Of course, that's quite absurd
[Voice] Allahu Akbar!
[Ninko] There's a testimony of a local Bosniak Muslim,
who used to be a JNA officer in Zavidovic's delegation
[Ninko]They got to the new Zagreb mosque and he was shocked
[Ninko]The locals asked the Mujahideen...
[Ninko] 'What's our position in the world?' He said, 'Weak'
[Ninko] 'Why?' And he answered...
[Ninko] 'Too few of you die!
[Ninko] More should die!
to draw world attention'
[Miroslav Paić] In fact, Sarajevo… the territories of Sarajevo,
the urban part… the urban part, let's say…
[Miroslav] That old part of Sarajevo, was Muslim
[Miroslav] And all municipalities around it were Serbian, it was Serbian territory
[Miroslav] So, the present-day, Muslim city of Sarajevo,
without this and the other Serbian parts,
was, basically, more than 50–60% Serbian territory
[Miroslav] And in all the old, pre-war parts of Sarajevo,
70% of the territory was Serbian
[Neđo] The leaders of 'The Young Muslims', who had
formed the Party of Democratic Action (SDA),
under the direction of Omar Mehmed and Hasan Cengic
who took charge of the security and defence sector,
developed an ethnic cleansing plan for Sarajevo
[Milorad] The ideas contained in this plan
included dividing the city into several sectors
[Milorad] 'Kill one third, or as many as we can kill
[Milorad] Naturally, expel the rest
[Milorad] And any willing to convert to Islam, we should let them live with us,
but as Muslims, not as Orthodox Serbs'
[Milorad] That, without a doubt, is the idea that was reflected
in the 'Islamic Declaration' by Alija Izetbegovic, who, in the war,
led the local Muslims
[Neđo] The Serbian side couldn't accept that, it couldn't agree to be...
second-class citizens,
their elected representatives, unable to exercise their political and
national rights in the country
[Neđo] So, this time, they decided to pursue independence
[Neđo] They couldn't stay in Yugoslavia and agreed to become part of BiH
[Neđo] The result was Coteler's plan
[Neđo] But even that wasn't enough for the Muslim side,
the radical Muslim groups
because they also wanted to Islamise Bosnia and Herzegovina
[Dr. Mitar Kovać] There were several attempts to equip
the so-called 'Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina', and some succeeded
[Dr. Kovać] Heavy hardware...
and equipment came in from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia
[Dr. Kovać] They were brought in through the ports of Croatia
and Montenegro, and then transported
by various routes to Sarajevo,
some of the weapons and equipment, were delivered
by underground tunnel from Sarajevo to Igman Mountain,
with help from UNPROFOR,
to the Muslim Army's 1st corps
[Dr. Aleksandar Mitic] During the war...
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they... used...
[Dr. Mitic] They used 'triggering events', or, as the British would say, 'trigger events'
[Dr. Mitic] Those events had been
deliberately prepared and used for PR purposes,
to justify very important, and even decisive,
political decisions
[Dr. Mitic] If we think back to May 27, 1992,
and that attack that was launched on Vase Miskina Street more than...
[Dr. Mitic] More than a dozen Sarajevo residents died back then
[Dr. Mitic] That event was just before a meeting,
the European community summit
[Dr. Mitic] That was the reason for the adoption of UN sanctions
against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and against Belgrade
[Bill Clinton] We will work with others to pursue tighter sanctions through stricter enforcements. The existing
sanctions on Serbia have crippled Serbia's economy. In light of recent events, there must be no relief.
[Dr. Predrag Ćeranić] I'll cite another example, Markale
[Dr. Ćeranić] During the war, in Markale market in Sarajevo, there was an explosion
[Dr. Ćeranić] And several civilians were killed
[Dr. Ćeranić] They blamed Serbs for it
[Dr. Ćeranić] What really happened?
[Dr. Ćeranić] Foreign media were already on site
and prepared, as if they knew something was going to happen
[Dr. Ćeranić] In The Hague, no one was condemned for Markale
[Dr. Ćeranić] No criminal case reflected what had happened
[Dr. Ćeranić] There was no evidence that Serbs fired that mortar
[Dr. Ćeranić] It's like a prototype for what happened in Bucha
[Dr. Ćeranić] The concerned party prepares an event, implementing this policy
[Dr. Ćeranić] Our data suggests that Ministry staff, Muslims, killed their own citizens,
then blamed Serbs for Markale
[Dr. Ćeranić] A similar thing happened to Russia, Ukrainians commit a crime...
[Dr. Ćeranić] Preparations take place in media
and the film crews are already briefed
[Dr. Ćeranić] So, an innocent party is accused, Russia. It's the same, it's a parallel
[Dušan] Today, we have strong evidence, and examples of...
radical Islamist bodies...
terrorist organisations,
having no qualms about using the civilian population, Muslim civilians
and deliberately
sacrificing them for specific short and long-term goals: political and military
[Dušan] Also, foreign witnesses,
from the UN and other international bodies in Sarajevo, all highly ranked
have testified that Muslims in the Muslim part of Sarajevo
[Dušan] Muslim political, military, and police forces, killed their own people
to pass it all off as Serb crimes
[Dušan] From their side, targeted artillery
shelling, from hospitals, schools...
and maternity wards in Muslim parts of Sarajevo
was aimed at Serbian positions
[Dušan] After that, the units moved away,
as international media prepared to film the return fire
[Dušan] After all, it's basic logic,
an army will always try to suppress an enemy position with artillery
[Elena] In 1993...
Alija Izetbegovic spoke with Clinton
and asked for NATO intervention
in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the side of the Muslims
[Elena] For help, military help
[Elena] Clinton said: 'How do I explain to the world…'
[Elena] They still thought then, about justification and international law,
unlike what we see today
[Elena] He said: 'How to explain our sudden intervention?
[Elena] We need about 5,000 Muslims to die,
then we can intervene'
[Elena] That operation had to be planned and executed
[Elena] Today we know that the operation was planned
in England, France, and in the USA
[Andrey] Srebrenica is a small town
in Eastern Bosnia
on the banks of the Drina River
[Andrey] The area's called Podrinje in Serbian
[Andrey] The river follows the border between Serbia and BiH
[Andrey] So, that town holds great strategic importance
[Andrey] For Serbs, it was important to keep control of it
to secure access
to the border with Serbia
[Andrey] But the city was also important to the Muslims,
as it could serve
as a base for operations in Eastern Bosnia
[Andrey] From the start of the war, fighting in that region...
was very brutal
[Elena] Srebrenica was... an excuse
for the Muslims...
to bring NATO troops into their operation in the Balkans
[Elena] They needed to set a pretext,
the murder of Muslims
and punish Serbs accordingly,
[Elena] Just then, they started the most serious bombing
after Srebrenica, of Serbian positions
[Elena] But back in 1994, when I was working in the Balkans,
no one spoke of Srebrenica at all!
[Elena] We spoke of other cities
[Elena] People only ever mentioned Srebrenica after 1995
[Elena] Because the pretext was needed. Then, in 1995,
to shell and bomb Serbian positions,
for two weeks, to bomb Serbian positions
[Elena] Mladic came, the General with his army...
rather a small group of military staff
who entered Srebrenica without a single shot
[Elena] Before that, they passed 40...
Muslim villages, just went by
[Elena] Not one shot fired in those villages!
[Elena] Not a single Muslim died!
[Elena] And they entered... A Dutch battalion that was
stationed in Srebrenica, opened the gate and
allowed them safe entry
[Elena] No one opposed them
[Elena] They found only women, kids, and the old. Buses came in
and Mladic, there's a film about this,
Mladic went in every bus and said:
'I'm General Mladic. Don't worry! We'll take you
to a safe place, we'll take you to Muslim territory!'
[Elena] And he did!
[General Mladic] Are you scared?
[General Mladic] I'm General Mladic. Don't be afraid
[General Mladic] We'll take you all to Kladanj
[General Mladic]Those who went yesterday are all safe. Good luck
[Elena] The leaders fled
[Elena] The remaining military was sent as a convoy
[Elena] Sent out of the city
[Elena] They were meant to arrive in Tuzla
after some time, in formation
[Elena] Here, some clashes happened during their night march to Tuzla
[Elena] They did clash
[Elena] We know who fought and how and I'll say no more
[Elena] Some were shot and some surrendered
and a small group of prisoners was shot
[Elena] Here, there is an opinion that this was the exact special operation
in which America, France, and England took part... militarily
[Elena] People died
[Elena] Some sources say 200 people died, others say 300
[Elena] According to other sources, 2,000
[Elena] Up to 2,000 people
[Elena] But that kind of data doesn't mean we can say genocide took place
[Elena] And it's still not clear who shot them
[Elena] The Muslim side cited...
victims that had already...
been buried but later, pathologists
found that not one of them had been shot 97%...
of the dead had no bullet wounds
[Milorad Kojić] It's an attempt to apply
the definition of genocide,
in a form convenient to one of the parties
[Milorad] It's an attempt to…
[Milorad] Srebrenica was undeniably a crime
[Milorad] Serbs don't deny it, but it shouldn't be labelled as something it isn't
[Milorad] Imagine any crime committed here in the war
and compare it to what happened in WW2,
the Serb genocide in Jasenovac,
in which anything from 500,000 to 700,000 people were killed
[Milorad] And here we are...
[Milorad] According to official data, about 100,000 people died
in the tragic conflict here in Bosnia and Herzegovina
[Elena] Today, public opinion is at a completely different level
than back in 1995-1996
[Elena] In order to raise this issue again
and reinforce the opinions about the Srebrenica genocide,
attempts are now made
to form a Srebrenica support group,
with grandiose events held every year
at the memorial, built at the suggestion of the USA
[Milorad] Even during the war, a picture was painted
of 200,000 Bosnians killed and over 200,000 Bosnian women raped
[Milorad] Today... official records of rape...
committed against Bosnian women
show that there were just 876 cases
of the cruellest form of torture
[Milorad] Compare that to the 200,000
that was spread as propaganda in the 1990s
[Milorad] Now, there are 876
[Milorad] We also have more than 800 Serbian women
in Republika Srpska who were subjected to the sexual crime of rape
[Milorad] But... that number of 200,000 raped Bosnian women
still circulates around the world as a piece of information
[Milorad] And it's absolutely wrong!
[Milorad] Now imagine our position,
having to change perceptions on this issue
[Milorad] That perception was reinforced by The Hague Tribunal, the West's tool
for solving the question in Bosnia and Herzegovina
[Milorad] I say that the world community, through The Hague Tribunal,
wants to wash its bloody hands
and whitewash its role in the BiH war
[Milorad] The black-and-white narrative, or black-and-white discourse, that
existed during events in Srebrenica and before,
was formed even before the first shot was fired in BiH
even before the first shot was fired in Croatia
[Dr. Mitic] In my analysis for the reports
by the independent international truth commissions
in Sarajevo and Srebrenica,
[Dr. Mitic] I considered leading European and American Western media reports,
this black-and-white picture that the Serbs are bad,
while the Muslims, Croats, and Slovenians are good,
had been formulated even before the conflict began
[Vinko] Much of the blame lies with the international community
and those responsible for the political course for Muslims in Sarajevo
[Vinko] That's the embassies of England, America, and Germany
[Vinko] I think they were the key players in the break-up of Yugoslavia
and fomenting war in Bosnia and Herzegovina
[Vinko] They also supplied the Muslims with arms, gear, and money for the war,
sending foreign Mujahideen from Arab countries via Rijeka and Split
into Croatia, then along the main road to central BiH
[Vinko] We see the same thing in Ukraine today
[Vinko] It was the same back then,
the only difference is that our country was still small,
and that Serbia was put under unprecedented pressure
[Vinko] That's why our voice wasn't heard
in countries that knew what was happening, but had...
no interest in hearing us out
[Vinko] We were caught in a worldwide information blockade
[Vinko] Before the Dayton Agreement,
America decided that the conflict had to end
[Vinko] It clashed with electoral interests, Clinton needed his second term,
so they were committed to pushing for the urgent signing
of the Dayton Agreement
[Ninko] Back to December 14 as I was detained
in Husinska buna, we heard the shocking news
[Ninko] Enes Zoni, nicknamed 'Zone' the prison head, said:
'Can you imagine? That the Ustase
[Ninko] The Croatian Defence Council, killed...
the 'El Mujahid' unit command staff'
[Ninko] Exactly on December 14, the day they signed the Dayton Agreement
[Ninko] That is no coincidence!
[Ninko] The Mujahideen were no longer needed!
[Ninko] Killing the Mujahideen was a signal
[Neđo] We are now in the village of Kotorsko
[Neđo] In the former Yugoslavia, it was one of the largest villages
with an exclusively Muslim population
[Neđo] There were Serbian villages on one side, and...
and Croatian villages were on the other side
[Neđo] Before the war, this and other such communities lived
in perfect harmony
[Neđo] Even today, you can see the community's economic progress
[Neđo] For ideological and political reasons,
civil war broke out
[Neđo] Under the appendix on returning refugees after the war,
the return of people to their homes began under the Dayton Agreement
[Neđo] Most local inhabitants, and others in Republika Srpska,
returned to their homes and their property was restored,
unlike Serbs, who did not
get the chance to return and get their property back
[Neđo] We know that many Sarajevo residents, including JNA officers,
still can't go back home
[Neđo] Serbs from Vozuca, by a local authority decision,
were allocated a space where they could move and live their life
[Neđo] Thanks to policies pursued by Republika Srpska,
favourable conditions were created, allowing for the peaceful
coexistence of Christians and Muslims in this community
[Neđo] Life is returning to the area
[Neđo] Both Serbs from Ozren and local Bosniak
Muslims from Kotorsko live here now
[Neđo] Kotorsko gives hope for a peaceful life together in the future
[Neđo] We just need wise, intelligent, and responsible leadership
that will serve the interests of citizens
and build a common future on this land